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Nginx is going to Launch it’s own Application Platform

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Nginx is one of the most popular Load balancers, reverse proxies, and, web servers which comes in both Commercial and Open-source forms. and it has recently gone beyond the server roots and launches its own Application Platform.

currently that the way developers writing and deploying of applications is changing very quickly, The company announced at Developer Conference in Portland a couple of days ago, that it’s launching the Nginx Application Platform to give developers a one-stop platform for developing or modernizing their applications with DevOps, the cloud, containers and micro services in mind.

As you might guess the core of the Nginx’s new Platform is Nginx Plus, The commercial version of Nginx that adds a good amount of enterprise features to the open-source version. Plus the company is going to add the Nginx Controller and Nginx Unit which provides a central management and control panel for your Applications.

The development team says that the Controller is a bridge between Nginx Plus and the traditional applications that people run on top of it. Nginx Controller will launch in closed beta in October but Unit is already available.

The existing Nginx Web Application Firewall rounds out the platform. Pricing for the full platform remains untold while Controller is still in closed beta.

It’s also odd because the Nginx Unit is going to be open-source while Nginx Controller is a closed-source project.

How to enable iptables on CentOS 7

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Once you install CentOS 7, you will understand there are many differences between CentOS 6 and 7, but however, some technical and people want to use old programs like “iptables” on CentOS 7. One of the programs which are not common on CentOS 7 is “iptables”. CentOS 7 comes with another firewall installed in it called “firewalld” which is known by any customer.

You are able to disable this new firewall and enable old known iptables on CentOS 7 again.  Here I will show you how to do this.

We have to stop and disable firewalld service.

[root@test-lab ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@test-lab ~]# systemctl mask firewalld

Then we should install iptables again on CentOS 7.

yum install -y iptables iptables-services

Once it is done, we have to enable and start it

systemctl enable iptables
systemctl start iptables

Now you are able to use old known iptables on CentOS 7 again, however, firewalld will give you more ability and better firewall options if you want to go professional.

How to install Apache 2.4 on CentOS 6 or 7

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Today we are going to install the latest version of Apache “Apache 2.4.23” on a new fresh updated CentOS 7. You can use this tutorial for CentOS 6 as well.

Make sure you have already installed following packages on your server.

yum install gcc
yum install make
yum install openssl-devel
yum install apr-devel
yum install apr-util-devel
yum install wget

Then, we will choose the latest version from Apache website. and download it.

An update: If you are using this article on CentOS 7, the APR version on yum won’t work for you, and you should compile the apr, and apr-util from source, so please remove it from your server if you installed it via yum, and try following:

cd /usr/src
wget http://mirror.lax.hugeserver.com/apache/apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
wget http://mirror.lax.hugeserver.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
tar xvfz apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
tar xvfz apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz

cd apr-1.5.2
./configure --bindir=/usr/bin/
make && make install

cd ../apr-util-1.5.4
./configure --bindir=/usr/bin/ --with-apr=/usr/bin/apr-1-config
make && make install

Now you are able to continue with the rest of guide.

http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24

cd /usr/src
wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist//httpd/httpd-2.4.23.tar.gz
tar xvfz httpd-2.4.23.tar.gz

Now we will start building Apache from source and install it on our server.

cd httpd-2.4.23
./configure --help

We have to know which module of apache we want to install and include them on the ./configure command. It is really easy, as you only need to know the module name and type it with “–enable-(module-name)”. For example, we want to install apache with SSL module, so we will type “–enable-ssl”

By default, Apache will install all its architecture-independent files in  “/usr/local/apache2”. If you want to change this directory we have to set the –prefix option in ./configure . I will use /etc/httpd/ for this option in this tutorial. But, make sure that you are not overwriting your old configuration if you already have installed apache before. I am also using “–sbindir” option to specify the directory where system administrator executables will be installed. Those are server programs like httpd, apachectl, suexec, etc. which are necessary to run the Apache HTTP Server.

mkdir /etc/httpd/

./configure --prefix=/etc/httpd/ --sbindir=/sbin/ --enable-ssl --enable-so
make
make install

Now we are ready to go, we can start Apache server and go ahead with configurations.

apachectl start

That’s it! should you have any question or problem regarding this post please leave a comment below.

How to use IPv6 on Apache?

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Nowadays IPv6 is getting more and more common to be used on web servers. It’s better to implement IPv6 on servers in order to be accessible on IPv6 networks.  Here it is a really quick instruction how to get ready for IPv6 on your Apache web servers.

I have installed a fresh CentOS and a fresh apache on my test server, without any control panel. If you are using a control panel or any other operation systems, the way of preparing should be the same, however, if you have any problem during your configuration, you can ask me in the comments.

Let’s start with the apache configuration file. Open “/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf” with your text editor in the server. I am using nano.

 nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Now add your IPv6 address to the “listen” options in the file. You should search for “listen” and edit or add the line with your own IPv6. For this tutorial I am using the private prefix “fd13:01ec:a560:534f::/64”

Listen [fd13:01ec:a560:534f::100]:80

Save and exit this file. Now we should change the virtual hosts to add a new IPv6 record into this.  Here is an example of a virtual host with IPv6.

<VirtualHost [fd13:01ec:a560:534f::100]:80 >
ServerName test-lab.hugeserver.com
ServerAlias test-lab.hugeserver.com
ServerAdmin test-lab@hugeserver.com
DocumentRoot /home/test-lab/public_html
<Directory /home/test-lab/public_html>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

You should change this configuration in order to be fit into your server configuration. What you actually can do, is copying the VirtualHost configuration of your IPv4 and edit the first line to IPv6. Do not forget to use brackets for your IPv6.

After configurations are done, we are going to restart apache and try to access our web server over IPv6 from Browser.

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

Now it’s accessible from browsers

http://[fd13:01ec:a560:534f::100]/

If you have any problem or question please leave a comment below.

How to Install Apache 2.2, PHP 5.6, MySQL 5.7 on CentOS 6

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Today I am going to teach you the easiest way of installing a Webserver with Apache, PHP, and MySQL.

We are going to use Epel and Remi repositories on CentOS and configure our server. First of all, we should find the latest version of Epel and Remi packages from their sites :

http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/
http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/

After it, we will download the packages on our system and install them on the server.

wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
rpm -Uvh remi-release-6.rpm epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

After these packages are installed completely, we should activate these repositories on Yum configuration file.

nano /etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo

Make sure that “[remi]” and “[remi-php56]” are enabled. It should look like as following.

[remi]
name=Remi’s RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 6 – $basearch
#baseurl=http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/6/remi/$basearch/
mirrorlist=http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/6/remi/mirror
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi

[remi-php56]
name=Remi’s PHP 5.6 RPM repository for Enterprise Linux 6 – $basearch
#baseurl=http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/6/php56/$basearch/
mirrorlist=http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/6/php56/mirror
# NOTICE: common dependencies are in “remi-safe”
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi

We have to save the file and then edit the Epel repository to make sure it is enabled too.

nano /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

It should be enabled as following :

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 – $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

Now we can start to install PHP, apache on our system.

yum clean all
yum update
yum install php php-mysql

After all these steps are done, we will install MySQL on our system.

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
yum repolist enabled | grep “mysql.*-community.*”
yum install mysql-community-server

It is now fully installed, we will start all services and will confirm the installed versions.

service mysqld restart
mysql –version
service httpd restart
php -v
httpd -v

If you have any question, please add a comment and I will get you back.

How to connect to HugeServer VPN on Linux

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To connect to our private network from a Linux client computer, you need to follow the following steps :

  1. Create VPN Password from ION
  2. Download VPN Connection from ION
  3. Install OpenVPN
  4. Connect to VPN Server

Installing OpenVPN Client on Ubuntu / Mint / Debian

Usually, the easiest way to install OpenVPN Client on a Ubuntu / Mint / Debian machine is using APT-GET .

Run the following command on your terminal with root permission :

apt-get install openvpn

Installing OpenVPN Client on Redhat / CentOS  / Fedora

You can simply install OpenVPN Client on your redhat based computer using YUM by running the following command in your terminal with root permission :

yum install openvpn 

Connecting to VPN Server

After installing the client on your machine and having the connection file along your Username and Password you are ready to How to connect to HugeServer VPN on Linuxconnect !

Simply open your terminal window and run the following :

openvpn –config /path/to/folder/client.ovpn

Make sure that you enter the correct file path on the command.

Now it prompts for your Username and Password, after the authentication you should be connected to our VPN network.

If you have any question or trouble connecting to our VPN network don’t hesitate to contact our support department via support@hugeserver.com

CentOS 6 crashed after restarting network

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One of our dedicated servers, which is CentOS 6 based crashed today after I wanted to restart the network interface. Simply after running the following command

service network restart

The box has crashed and I had to reboot it. After server comes up, I have checked the logs to see what was wrong on the server. I have found it.

There is a new and current bug which might be solved on CentOS 7, but not yet on CentOS 6. The bug is in “ifdown-eth” script on CentOS which looks like following :

if [ -d "/sys/class/net/${REALDEVICE}" ]; then
 if [ "${REALDEVICE}" = "${DEVICE}" ]; then
 ip addr flush dev ${REALDEVICE} scope global 2>/dev/null
 else
  ip addr flush dev ${REALDEVICE} label ${DEVICE} scope global 2>/dev/null
 fi
[...]

The issue is in the loop-back interface, so we have to change the script to something like following:

if [ -d "/sys/class/net/${REALDEVICE}" ]; then
 if [ "${REALDEVICE}" = "lo" ]; then
  SCOPE="host"
 else
  SCOPE="global"
 fi

 if [ "${REALDEVICE}" = "${DEVICE}" ]; then
  ip addr flush dev ${REALDEVICE} scope ${SCOPE} 2>/dev/null
 else
  ip addr flush dev ${REALDEVICE} label ${DEVICE} scope ${SCOPE} 2>/dev/null
 fi
[...]

After changing the script and restarting the interface, the server was working fine again.

I hope this can help you all, who faces the same issue.

How to use IPMITool on Linux

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You are managing a dedicated server from Internet, and want to access to IPMI? You have colocated a dedicated server in a datacenter and you are looking to have a way to cut off the expensive remote hand fees for reboots, KVM installation, and correction? This can be easily done over IPMI.

But sometimes it is common to happen that your IPMI is not accessible over an Internet interface. This issue may have several reasons. Maybe your IP Configuration is not correct, or maybe the IPMI has crashed, etc.

Here is an easy way to correct such problems on your own dedicated server. At the first we have to install ipmitool on our dedicated box. For installing the ipmitool program you have two way to choose, one is using “yum” on CentOS or “apt-get” on Ubuntu, Debian, and the second way is installing this program from source. I will show you all 3 ways to install IPMITool on our dedicated box.

Installing on CentOS via yum

[root@server ~]: yum install ipmitool -y
[root@server ~]: modprobe ipmi_devintf

Now you can use ipmitool and see/edit the details of your ipmi setting on your dedicated server without having to boot the server into BIOS.

Do you want to see the chassis information of your server, then you have to use following command.

ipmitool chassis status

You can also see the power information of your server, by using the following command.  Instead of status at the end of the command  you can use “cycle” to power cycle the chassis, “on” to power on the chassis, “off” to power off your server and …

ipmitool chassis power status

You can also see and edit the network configuration of your chassis via ipmitoo. For reviewing the Network Configuration you should use following command, as output you will see a list of information, the important details for you might be the “IP Address” section, which shows your current public or private ip address of ipmi.

ipmitool lan print

If you have troubles with your current IP addresses and want to change the IP address to another one, you can perform following command

 ipmitool lan set 1 ipaddr  IPADDRESS
ipmitool lan set 1 netmask  NETMASK
ipmitool lan set 1 defgw ipaddr  GATEWAY

Sometimes you will see that your ipmi console is not working, or your web interface is not loading for you. The best and simplest way you can solve such issues, is resetting the bmc of IPMI. For performing this you should run the following command. This command won’t reboot your dedicated server, and will only reset the bmc of ipmi.

ipmitool chassis power reset cold

You want to see how hot your server currently is? No problem it is simple with IPMITool. You can use following command to see the temperature of your server/cpu and chassis.

ipmitool sensor | grep “Temp”

There are a lot more to use with this helpful command, if you have any question regarding this software, please leave a Comment for me and I will get back to you with a solution.

I hope this article helps you.

Installing Axel on CentOS 6

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2017 Update: This article is outdated and might not be working please see new version here.

Hello,

Is WGET slow for you ? Did you tried increasing TCP Buffer and still not having the results you expect for downloads ? Do you need resume and multi connection functionality ? The solution is Axel

In Windows we have many download manager softwares that let us download with the maximized speed and resume ability but with Linux there are a few based on CLI as the most are with GUI.

Axel Installation :

Here we are going to install Axel and then explain how to use it.

– Debian Based Distro : If you’re on a Debian Based distributions like Ubuntu you can install Axel easily with apt-get .

apt-get install axel

– Redhat Based Distro : Axel is not included in Yum repository by default if you don’t have EPEL / Remo so you need to install it from scratch via source code or use RPMs which is faster and more easy.

rpm -ivh ftp://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/dag/RPMS/axel-2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

Command-Line Switches :

You can have a complete list of command lines if you do “man axel” or “axel –help” but here we mention a few of usable command lines for general usages.

--max-speed=x           -s x    Specify maximum speed (bytes per second)
--num-connections=x     -n x    Specify maximum number of connections
--output=f              -o f    Specify local output file
--header=x              -H x    Add header string
--user-agent=x          -U x    Set user agent
--no-proxy              -N      Just don't use any proxy server
--quiet                 -q      Leave stdout alone
--verbose               -v      More status information

Examples :
– Downloads with max number of connections set to 10
axel -n 10 http://cachefly.cachefly.net/200mb.test

– Downloads at 512,000 Bytes/second (500KB/s) and max 10 connections
axel -s 512000 -n 10 http://cachefly.cachefly.net/200mb.test

Generally you can see about %88 percentage improvement in download speeds with Axel than Wget .

Hope this article was clear and usable for you.

Let me know your opinions in comment.

Thanks.